EuroLex/E/Gentleman
< EuroLex
- Original language: English
- Original form and meaning: gentleman, 1.) 'a man of refined behaviour', 2.) 'a man of good social position' (DEA*)
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | gentleman | mid20c | meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English | DEA* | |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | gentleman [= Engl. pron.] | 20c | meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English | DEA* | |
| English | gentleman | 13c; gentle-: 'well-born, noble, generous', from Old French, 13c, gentil 'high-born, noble' (in Modern French 'pleasant, kind, agreeable' | see above | 'a man of gentle birth, who is entitled to bear arms, ranking above a yeoman in social position'; a euphemistic word for 'smuggler' | Collins English Dictionary (4th ed.); CODEE** |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | gentlemanni [g-] | 20c | meaning 1; status: restricted use | DEA* | |
| French | gentleman | 17c | meaning 1; status: restricted use, equally frequent as creation herrasmies | DEA* | |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Gentleman [= Engl. pron.] | 18c | meaning 1; status: restricted to colloquial use | DEA* | |
| Hungarian | gentleman/dzsentlemen [= Engl. pron.] | end18/beg19c | meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English | DEA* | |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | gentleman | 18c | meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, less frequent than translation gentiluomo | DEA* | |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | gentleman/-mann [= Engl. pron./-man] | mid19c | meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English | DEA* | |
| Polish | dzentelmen/gentleman | mid19c | meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English | DEA* | |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | gentleman [jentelman] | mid19c | meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English | DEA* | |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
- Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; CODEE** = The Concise Oxford English Dictionary by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
- Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: gentil-/gentlemaður; mid17c; meaning 1 and 2; status: restricted use: archaic;/ séntilmaður; end19c; meaning 2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Romanian: gentleman [= Engl. pron.]; mid19c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Russian: dzhentl'men; 18c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Bulgarian: dzhentlemen/dzhentŭlmen; end19c; meaning 1; status: restricted use: archaic/fully accepted but still marked as English. Albanian: xhentëlmen; mid20c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Greek: tzedleman; 20c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to colloquial use, equally frequent as kirios. ,