EuroLex/E/-gate
< EuroLex
- Original language: English after Watergate
- Original form and meaning: scandal, especially financial scandals
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted use | dito | DEA* |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese | dito | DEA* |
| English | -gate from Watergate (affair) | 1972 | see above; usually political scandal often involving the concealment of wrongdoing <Irangate> [1] | dito | DEA* |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | -gate | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to technical use and journalese | dito | DEA* |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | -gate [ge:t] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese and facetious use | dito | DEA* |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese | dito | DEA* |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: foreignism, used only in British or American contexts | dito | DEA* |
| Polish | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese | dito | DEA* |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese and facetious use | dito | DEA* |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
- Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.
- Information on Other Languages: Romanian: -gate [= Engl. pron.], 1990s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese and facetious use; Russian: -geĭt, 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese; Bulgarian: geĭt, 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese; Greek: [= Engl. pron.]/['geit], 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese