DevOps/Kubernetes/Installation
Installation
editKubernetes as of April 2019 can be installed in more that 40 differentes ways[1] and in particular can be installed using your Linux distribution packages or using Kubernetes upstream version. It is also possible to use any of Kubernetes managed solution offered by Cloud Computing provider like EKS from AWS, Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) or GKE on-prem[2] or also some CI/CD tools like Jenkins X and GitLab[3] that support integration with different Kubernetes Cloud providers.
- Our first step is to download and add the key for the Kubernetes and docker install. Back at the terminal, issue the following command:
- Add the Docker Repository on all your servers:
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ $(lsb_release -cs) \ stable"
- Add the Kubernetes repository in your apt source.list on all your servers.
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add - cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main EOF
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce=18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu kubelet=1.12.2-00 kubeadm=1.12.2-00 kubectl=1.12.2-00 sudo apt-mark hold docker-ce kubelet kubeadm kubectl
Initialize your master
edit- Enable net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables on all your nodes.
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf sudo sysctl -p
- On only the Kube Master server, initialize the cluster and configure kubectl.
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
When this completes, you'll be presented with the exact command you need to join the nodes to the master.
In case you make any mistake and want to undo your changes you can use: kubeadm reset[6]
command.
- Before you join a node, you need to issue the following commands:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
- Install the flannel networking plugin in the cluster by running this command on the Kube Master server.
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/bc79dd1505b0c8681ece4de4c0d86c5cd2643275/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
- The
kubeadm init
command that you ran on the master should output akubeadm join
command containing a token and hash. You will need to copy that command from the master and run it on both worker nodes with sudo.
sudo kubeadm join $controller_private_ip:6443 --token $token --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash $hash
- Now you are ready to verify that the cluster is up and running. On the Kube Master server, check the list of nodes.
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION wboyd1c.mylabserver.com Ready master 54m v1.12.2 wboyd2c.mylabserver.com Ready <none> 49m v1.12.2 wboyd3c.mylabserver.com Ready <none> 49m v1.12.2
Containers and Pods
editPods[7] are the smallest and most basic building block of the Kubernetes model. A pod consist of one or more containers storage resources, and a unique IP address in the Kubernetes cluster network.
In order to run containers, Kubernetes schedules pods to run on servers in the cluster. When a pod is scheduled the server will run the containers that are part of that pod.
Create a simple pod running an nginx container, for more configuration options check Kubernetes Pod official documentation[8]:
- Create a basic Pod file definition with your container image:
mypod.yml
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: MyNginxPod spec: containers: - name: MyNginxContainer image: nginx
- Create Pod:
kubectl create -f mypod.yml
- Get a list of pods and verify that your new nginx pod is in the Running state:
kubectl get pods
- Get more information about your nginx pod:
kubectl describe pod nginx
- Delete the pod:
kubectl delete pod nginx
See also ReplicaSet[9] concept.
Clustering and Nodes
editKubernetes implements a clustered architecture . In a typical production environment, you will have multiple servers that are able to run your workloads (containers) These servers which actually run the containers are called nodes. A kubernetes cluster has one or more control servers which manage and control the cluster and host the kubernetes API. These control server are usually separate from worker nodes, which run applications within the cluster.
- Get a list of nodes:
kubectl get nodes
- Get more information about a specific node:
kubectl describe node $node_name
Networking in Kubernetes
editThe Kubernetes networking model involves creating a virtual network across the whole cluster. This means that every pod on the cluster has a unique IP address, and can communicate with any other pod in the cluster, even if that other pod is running on a different node.
Kubernetes supports a variety of networking plugins that implements this model in various ways. One of the most popular and easy-to-use[10] is Flannel, although as of April 2019 do not support network policies.
- Create a deployment with two nginx pods:
cat << EOF | kubectl create -f - apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.15.4 ports: - containerPort: 80 EOF
- Create a busybox pod to use for testing:
cat << EOF | kubectl create -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: busybox spec: containers: - name: busybox image: radial/busyboxplus:curl args: - sleep - "1000" EOF
- Get the IP addresses of your pods:
kubectl get pods -o wide
- Get the IP address of one of the nginx pods, then contact that nginx pod from the busybox pod using the nginx pod's IP address:
kubectl exec busybox -- curl $nginx_pod_ip
- ↑ https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux-academy/top-ten-ways-not-to-sink-the-kubernetes-ship/
- ↑ https://cloud.google.com/gke-on-prem/
- ↑ https://about.gitlab.com/solutions/kubernetes/
- ↑ https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-quickly-install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu/
- ↑ https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/
- ↑ https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-reset/
- ↑ https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/
- ↑ https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/
- ↑ https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/
- ↑ https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux-academy/top-ten-ways-not-to-sink-the-kubernetes-ship/