Charges/Circuits/Astronomy/Quiz

Circuit astronomy is a lecture as part of the radiation astronomy department series on charge in the universe.

You are free to take this quiz based on circuit astronomy at any time.

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Quiz

Point added for a correct answer:
Points for an incorrect answer:
Ignore the questions' coefficients:

	Yes
	No

A composite

spectrum is approximately a

law over at least the ≈ 5 decade wavenumber range 10^-13 m^-1 < wavenumber < 10^-8 m^-1 and that may extend to

wavenumbers.

	TRUE
	FALSE

Match up the detector component/characteristic letter with each of the possibilities below:

Optical bench - A

Focal length - B

CCD - C

Coded aperture - D

Grazing incidence - E

Modulator - F

Collimator - G

Normal incidence - H

varying amplitude, phase, or frequency

.

a platform used to support systems

.

narrows a beam

.

gold mirrors

.

a measure of how strongly a system converges or diverges

.

a device for the movement of electrical charge

reflective multilayer optics

.

a flat grille

.

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	very high peak to background (> 1000) for known radiation sources
	a minimum number of electronic components from the respondent material to the output or image
	a liquid nitrogen dewar
	easily shielded by neutral material, or anticoincidence material
	buried deep underground, under ice, or under water
	a wide temperature range for respondent material stability

To "narrow" can mean to

the spatial

of the beam to become

limit.

The three key parameters of a

waveform are its

,

and its

.

With the modulation collimator, the amplitude (

) of the incoming

is reduced by the presence of

diffraction gratings of

that block or greatly reduce that portion of the

incident upon the wires.

The multigrid collimator has the additional

inserted at a specified

position between the two grids,

approximately

to them, and

and rotated so that each third

lies in a plane defined by a wire in the outer grid and a wire in the

grid.

The

effects of the grid

or external metal

determine the envelope for the

transmission peaks.

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

and

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	it is sitting on top of the Earth's crust below a thick atmosphere
	it is low on fuel
	those components that may respond to X-rays are not hooked up to needed counting electronics
	the top is not down
	the Moon is visible
	the Sun is behind the clouds

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

35 A function of the form:

f(x)=ae^{-{\frac {(x-b)^{2}}{2c^{2}}}}

for some real constants a, b, and c?

	TRUE
	FALSE

The

tracks in emulsion chambers have been used for

measurements of

nuclei above

in a series of balloon-borne experiments.

	the occurrence of blue rock types on the surface of rocky objects
	the Earth and other rocky objects have a green mineral containing mantle
	checking equations about complex systems
	the advantages of a 559 nm band pass
	digging holes in the surface of Mars
	surface temperatures low enough to produce methane lakes

The hardware setup also defines key experimental parameters, such as

, solid

and detector

.

Since the energy of a thermal

is relatively low,

particle reaction is

i.e., essentially

while other reactions such as

reactions will span a broad energy

, it is possible to

among the sources.

Match up the radiation letter with each of the detector possibilities below:

Meteors - A

Cosmic rays - B

Neutrons - C

Protons - D

Electrons - E

Positrons - F

Neutrinos - G

Muons - H

Gamma rays - I

X-rays - J

Ultraviolet rays - K

Optical rays - L

Visual rays - M

Violet rays - N

Blue rays - O

Cyan rays - P

Green rays - Q

Yellow rays - R

Orange rays - S

Red rays - T

Infrared rays - U

Submillimeter rays - V

Radio rays - W

Superluminal rays - X

multialkali (Na-K-Sb-Cs) photocathode materials

.

F547M

.

511 keV gamma-ray peak

.

F675W

.

broad-band filter centered at 404 nm

.

a cloud chamber

.

ring-imaging Cherenkov

.

coherers

.

effective area is larger by 10⁴

.

F588N

.

pyroelectrics

.

a blemish about 8,000 km long

.

a metal-mesh achromatic half-wave plate

.

coated with lithium fluoride over aluminum

.

thallium bromide (TlBr) crystals

.

F606W

.

aluminum nitride

.

heavy water

.

18 micrometers FWHM at 490 nm

.

wide-gap II-VI semiconductor ZnO doped with Co²⁺ (Zn_1-xCo_xO)

.

a recoiling nucleus

high-purity germanium

.

magnetic deflection to separate out incoming ions

.

2.2-kilogauss magnet used to sweep out electrons

.

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

For the equation

{1 \over \lambda }=R\left({1 \over (n^{\prime })^{2}}-{1 \over n^{2}}\right)\qquad

n is the

, n' is the

and R is the

in units of inverse

.

An optical instrument that detects light from the

of the Earth's atmosphere, that is at the

is an horizon

.

A horizon sensor used to sense the direction to the

center coupled with a

to sense rotation about an axis normal to the orbit plane is an

gyrocompass.

Condensed noble gases, most notably liquid

and liquid

, are excellent radiation detection

.

A white beam source focused on a sample, upon striking the sample has photons whose energy matches the

gaps

in order to excite the molecules of the sample, while the other photons transmit unaffected and give the sample the

color.

The electronic band structure of a solid describes those ranges of

called energy

that an electron within the sold may have, called

bands and ranges of energy called band gaps or

bands, which it may not have.

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

Match up the type of cosmic-ray detector with each of the possibilities below:

visible tracks - A

diffusion cloud chamber - B

bubbles - C

a grid of uninsulated electric wires - D

similar to the Haverah Park experiment - E

fluorescence detectors - F

spark chamber

.

continuously sensitized to radiation

.

Pierre Auger Observatory

.

bubble chamber

.

Cherenkov detector

expansion cloud chamber

.

From the list of components below, construct a detector starting with incoming radiation:

incoming radiation

.

high atomic number deflecting element

.

optical bench

.

a system convergence

.

modulator

a beam narrower

.

a device for the movement of electrical charge

focal length - D

gracing incidence - F

CCD - A

a platform used to support systems - C

aperture - G

collimator - B

device varying amplitude, phase, or frequency - E

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

	TRUE
	FALSE

et al., 1984.

	hard spectrum
	Jovian electrons near Earth are on their way to the Sun
	an energy power law
	flux increases with 27 day periodicities
	at 1 AU, flux decreases exhibit a short-term modulation of 13 minutes
	come in mutable varieties

Hypotheses

A sense-around system needs to incorporate detection of all forms of radiation.

External links

	the magnetic north pole
	the Hudson Bay meteorite crater
	the South Atlantic Anomaly
	the Bermuda Triangle
	solar positron events
	electrons striking the ionosphere

	grazing incidence mirrors
	tungsten-silicon multilayer coatings
	nested mirrors
	an angular resolution
	X-ray lens

	the Sun
	a meteorite impact
	flowers that open their blooms at sunrise
	a late-summer rainstorm
	the Moon

	M cone cells
	a green light source
	L cones
	"bluish green" 493-498 nm
	"yellowish green" 530-559 nm
	"yellow green" 559-570 nm