Calculate coal consumption of coal-fired boiler from air flow
It is not always easy to determine the coal consumption of a coal-fired boiler which is generally used at power plants; therefore, different methods are used which are compared to determine the most likely consumption.
One method to determine the coal consumption is to use the air flow and the oxygen content in the flue gas. If the coal composition is known, the flue gas composition can be determined and from the oxygen in the flue gas the coal flow can be calculated.
This method will be useful to:
Confirm the measured coal consumption
Calculate the carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions.
The following is a list of symbols which will be used:
, , , , = mass fractions of C, H2, O2, N2 and S in the coal according to the ultimate analysis based on air dry (ad) coal.
= mass fraction of total coal moisture based on air dry (ad) coal. Total moisture is the sum of superficial moisture and inherent moisture. However, normally the mass fraction of superficial moisture () is based on received (ar) coal and the inherent moisture mass fraction () is based on an air dry (ad) coal basis. The total moisture can be written in terms of and as follows:
(This formula is derived later in the article.)
, , , , , = number of moles of components in coal ending up in the boiler (kmol/h). Note that both inherent moisture and superficial moisture ends up in the boiler.
= mass flow of air dry coal flow which is completely combusted (kg/h)
= air flow (kmol/h). Take note that this is the total air flow to the boiler. It includes both the measured air flow and the air leaking into the fire box.
= mol fraction of water vapour in air (due to air humidity)
= conversion of component i during combustion. For example, about 90% of S will convert to SO2. Thus, . Very little N2 will convert to NO2. Thus, will be very small.
The total flue gas is the sum of all the products and all unreacted components, except sulphur (S) which will not leave with the flue gas but will leave with the ash.
Substitute the mol fractions ni with equations in table above:
Where and is in kmol/h, in kg/h, in mass fraction, in mol fraction, in fraction
Thus, the total air dry coal which underwent total combustion is:
Where:
is air-dry coal in kg/h. This is the coal which fully combusted and excludes the portion of the coal which leaves with the ash. If the CO2 and SO2 emissions are calculated, this value can use used as is. However, if one wants to compare this calculated value with the actual coal received, on should take into consideration the uncombusted coal in the ash.
is the humid air flow in kmol/h with a dry air composition of 21 mol% oxygen, 78.1 mol% nitrogen and 0.9% argon.
The superficial moisture fraction (ms) is based on as received (AR) coal and the inherent moisture fraction (mi) is based on air dry (AD) coal. However, the total moisture (m), can be expressed in terms of ms and mi on an air dry basis as follows.
Mass flow rate of coal consumption and theoretical air mass
Application of mass and energy balances to determine coal, air required and flue gas flow rates in a power plant], Katende, Landry Mbangu, 2019
Calculation of combustion air required for burning solid fuels (coal / biomass / solid waste) and analysis of flue gas composition], Lizica Simona Paraschiv, Alexandru Serban, Spiru Paraschiv, 6 September 2019