Derivatives
Please share your thoughts about whether to merge this page with Calculus/Derivatives. |
Derivative of a function f at a number a edit
Notation edit
We denote the derivative of a function at a number as .
Definition edit
The derivative of a function at a number a is given by the following limit (if it exists):
An analogous equation can be defined by letting . Then , which shows that when approaches , approaches :
Interpretations edit
As the slope of a tangent line edit
Given a function , the derivative can be understood as the slope of the tangent line to at :
As a rate of change edit
The derivative of a function at a number can be understood as the instantaneous rate of change of when .
At a tangent to one point of a curve edit
Vocabulary edit
The point A(a; f(a)) is the point in contact of the tangent and Cf.
Definition edit
If f is differentiable in a, then the curve C admits at a point A which has for coordinates (a ; f(a)), a tangent : it is the straight line passing by A and of direction coefficient f'(a). An equation of that tangent is written: y = f'(a)*(x-a)+f(a)
Degrees edit
First Degree Derivative [First Order Derivative; f'(x)] edit
The first degree derivative of a function, commonly showing the slope of the tangent line at one point of the function, shows its instantaneous rate of change. Intuitively, the first degree derivative reveals the direction of the function; a positive first degree derivative shows the increasing of a function, and it shows decreasing when negative.
Minimum/Maximum edit
Local edit
Local minimums/maximums are found from solving for f'(x)=0, for f(x) is differentiable for all x on desired interval. When the first order derivative is zero, it suggests the stop in increasing or decreasing. Whether the point x at f'(x)=0 is a maximum or minimum requires the derivative to the left and right of x. If the derivative is positive on the left and negative on the right; if the graph shifts from increasing to decreasing at point x, f(x) at x would be a local maximum. Conversely, If the derivative is negative on the left and positive on the right; if the graph shifts from decreasing to increasing at point x, f(x) at x would be a local maximum.
Global edit
Global minimums/maximums are found at the smallest/largest y-values of each graph.
A saddle point refers to the point where f'(x)=0 but the graph maintains its movement direction.
Application edit
In a function that measures an object's disposition, the first order derivative shows its instantaneous change in position, i.e. velocity.
Second Degree Derivative [Second Order Derivative; f''(x)] edit
The second order derivative takes
Inflection Point edit
An inflection point refers to the point where the function changes its concavity (from sloping up to down, vice versa). The inflection point is found from solving for f''(x)=0, for f(x) is differentiable for all x on desired interval.
Application edit
In a function that measures an object's velocity, the first order derivative shows its instantaneous change in velocity, i.e. acceleration.
Go to the School of Mathematics |
Differentiation Rules edit
Power Rule edit
One of the most commonly used derivative rules for functions in the form of ( raised to the th power), .
Polynomial Differentiations edit
Taking the derivative of a polynomial requires the differentiation procedure to be applied to each term including the variable .
Example:
Negative Power Differentiations edit
Taking the derivative of a function in the form can be achieved through rewriting the function with a negative power, .
Example:
Fractional Exponents and Radicals edit
Differentiating a function with a radical such as a square root, , can be done through rewriting the function in the form with a fraction as the exponent, .
Example:
Quotient Rule edit
This rule is used to differentiate functions written in the form of .
Example:
Trigonometric Functions edit
Rules for differentiating trigonometric functions:
Logarithmic Functions edit
Rules for differentiating logarithmic functions:
Sample Problems edit
Differentiate the following: